In fact, since 2001, MSM across all racial and ethnic groups have been the only transmission group with significant increases in HIV diagnosis, and the majority of all new AIDS cases among all MSM are diagnosed in racial/ethnic-minority men ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001a, 2008a). In a 2005 study of 5 large US cities, 46% of African American/black MSM were HIV-positive, compared to 21% of white MSM. In 2001, the AIDS case rate for Hispanic/Latino men was triple that of white men, and Hispanic/Latino MSM aged 23–29 years have twice the rate of HIV infection of their white peers ( CDC, 2005).

In 2008, new subpopulation analysis reinforced the severity of the HIV epidemic in MSM of all races and ethnicities. The new analysis utilized HIV surveillance data, testing and treatment history, and the serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion (STARHS) results to estimate HIV incidence using a stratified extrapolation approach.

The analysis indicated that, in 2006, 72% of new infections among males occurred from male-to-male sexual contact, including 81% of new infections among whites, 63% among African American/blacks, and 72% among Latinos. Hispanic/Latino and African American/black MSM had two and five times the rate of HIV infection of white MSM (115.7 and 43.1 per 100,000 vs.